Beginning AI programming   
I am really interested in AI and want to start programming in this field. What are the various areas within AI? e.g. Neural Networks etc. What book can be recommended for a beginner in AI and are there any preferred languages used in the field of AI? What book can be recommended for a beginner in AI and are there any preferred languages used in the field of AI?
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Classical application areas of AI:
  • Robotics
  • Search
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Knowledge Representation / Expert Systems
  • Planning / Scheduling
Various algorithmic approaches:
  • Neural Networks
  • Evolutionary / Genetic Algorithms
  • Automatic Reasoning
  • Logic Programming
  • Probablilistic Approaches
Recommendable books:
  • Norvig, Russel: Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach
  • Norvig: Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming (uses Lisp)
  • Bratko: Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence
Recommendable programming languages:
  • Prolog
  • Lisp
  • Java (many algorithms are discussed in Java nowadays)
There are also a number of interesting answers to this question (which sort of covers the same ground).
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